Moving to a new country comes with many challenges, and one of the first things you need to figure out is how to get around. Understanding the transportation system in the U.S. is essential for getting to work, school, grocery stores, and other important places. Depending on where you live, your options may include public transit, driving, rideshare services, biking, or walking.
Major U.S. cities like New York, Chicago, and San Francisco have well-developed public transportation systems, making it possible to get around without a car. However, in suburban and rural areas, owning a car is often necessary. Even if you plan to drive, learning how to use buses, subways, or rideshare services can save money and make daily travel easier.
This guide will help you understand how to navigate the U.S. transportation system, whether you are taking the bus, using a transit app, or planning to get a driver’s license.
Transportation in the U.S.
The U.S. is a large country with different transportation systems depending on the specific location within the city or state. While some areas have excellent public transit, others rely mostly on cars and highways.
City vs. Suburban vs. Rural Transportation
In large cities, you will find subways, buses, and commuter trains, making it possible to travel without a car.
In suburban areas, public transit exists but may have limited routes and longer wait times. Many people in the suburbs rely on personal vehicles.
In rural areas, public transportation is rare, and having a car is often necessary. Some smaller towns have limited bus services or shared ride programs.
Using Google Maps and Navigation Apps
Navigation apps like Google Maps, Apple Maps, and Waze help you plan routes for public transportation, driving, walking, and biking. These apps provide:
Real-time bus and train schedules for public transit.
Driving directions with traffic updates to avoid congestion.
Walking and biking routes with estimated travel times.
If you are unfamiliar with major streets, intersections, or highways, using Google Maps can help you navigate new areas easily. You can download maps for offline use, which is helpful when traveling in areas with poor internet connection.
Public Transportation Options
Public transportation is an affordable and convenient way to get around in many U.S. cities. It includes buses, subways, light rail, and commuter trains, each with different schedules and fare systems.
Buses
Buses are available in almost every city and town. They run on fixed routes and schedules, stopping at designated locations. Most public bus systems allow you to:
Pay with a reloadable transit card or cash.
Use apps like Google Maps or Transit to check real-time arrival times.
Transfer between bus lines and other forms of transit (such as trains).
Each city has its own bus system, such as:
MTA Bus (New York City)
CTA Bus (Chicago)
Metro Bus (Los Angeles)
Bus schedules may vary depending on the time of day and location, so checking an app before heading out can prevent long waits.
Subways and Light Rail
Many major cities have subway and light rail systems that provide fast transportation across urban areas. Subways run underground, while light rail operates above ground and often connects downtown areas with other neighborhoods and suburbs.
Some of the most popular subway and light rail systems include:
New York City Subway (MTA) – One of the largest and most used subway systems in the world.
Washington Metro (WMATA) – Serves Washington, D.C., and surrounding areas.
BART (San Francisco Bay Area) – A regional rail system connecting the city with nearby suburbs.
Los Angeles Metro Rail – Includes subway and light rail services.
Most subway systems use electronic fare cards that can be refilled online or at stations. Some systems also offer monthly passes for unlimited travel.
Commuter Trains
In some metropolitan areas, commuter trains provide longer-distance travel for people living in the suburbs. These trains connect residential areas with city centers, making them ideal for daily commuters.
Examples of commuter train systems include:
Metra (Chicago) – Serves the greater Chicago area.
Caltrain (San Francisco Bay Area) – Connects San Francisco to Silicon Valley.
LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) – Serves Long Island and New York City.
NJ Transit (New Jersey) – Provides access to New York City and Philadelphia.
Commuter trains usually have higher fares than buses and subways but offer a faster and more comfortable ride.
How to Pay for Public Transportation
Most U.S. public transportation systems require passengers to use transit cards, mobile apps, or cash to pay for fares. Some of the most common fare payment systems include:
MetroCard (New York City)
Clipper Card (San Francisco Bay Area)
TAP Card (Los Angeles)
Ventra Card (Chicago)
Many cities also offer reduced fare programs for students, seniors, and low-income riders. Checking with your local transit authority can help you find ways to save on transportation costs.
Public transportation can be a cost-effective alternative to driving, especially in high-traffic urban areas. Learning how to use buses, subways, and commuter trains will help you get around more easily while saving money.
Renting a Car and Understanding Driving in the U.S.
If public transportation is not available or convenient where you live, renting a car can be a good option for short-term travel, business trips, or vacations. However, before you start driving anywhere in the U.S., it is important to understand the basic rules of the road, traffic laws, and car rental policies.
How to Rent a Car as a New Immigran
Most car rental companies allow you to rent a vehicle with a valid foreign driver’s license and passport. However, some states may also require an International Driving Permit (IDP), which serves as a translation of your foreign license.
Major Car Rental Companies
The biggest car rental companies in the U.S. include:
Enterprise Rent-A-Car – Offers local and airport rentals with long-term options.
Hertz – One of the most widely available rental companies in major cities and airports.
Avis – Known for competitive pricing and discount programs.
Turo – A peer-to-peer car-sharing platform that allows you to rent a car directly from an owner.
Understanding Traffic Laws and Driving Rules
Driving laws vary by state, but some key rules apply everywhere in the U.S.:
Drive on the right-hand side of the road.
Obey speed limits, which change depending on highways, residential areas, and school zones.
Wear a seatbelt at all times, as it is required by law in most states.
Do not use a phone while driving unless using a hands-free device.
Stop for pedestrians at crosswalks and follow traffic signals.
Using Google Maps or Waze while driving can help you find the best routes, avoid traffic, and get real-time driving alerts.
Parking, Tolls, and Traffic Tickets
Parking rules vary by city—some areas have street parking, while others require a parking permit or use paid parking lots.
Some highways have toll roads, which require payment through cash, credit card, or electronic toll passes like E-ZPass.
If you receive a traffic ticket, it must be paid by the deadline to avoid extra fines or legal issues.
For those who only need a car occasionally, renting a rental car is a cost-effective alternative to owning a vehicle.
Buying a Car and Getting a Driver’s License
If you plan to live in an area without public transportation, owning a car may be necessary. However, before buying a car, you must have a valid driver’s license issued by the state where you live.
How to Get a Driver’s License as an Immigrant
Each state has different requirements for new residents and immigrants applying for a driver’s license. In most states, you will need:
Proof of identity and legal presence (passport, visa, or Green Card).
Proof of residence (utility bill, lease agreement, or bank statement).
Social Security Number (SSN) or an exemption letter if you do not qualify for one.
A driving test (written and road test) if you do not already have a valid license.
Many states allow foreign driver’s license holders to use their license for a limited time, but eventually, you will need to switch to a U.S. state-issued driver’s license. You can check the specific requirements for your state on the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) website.
Steps to Buy a New or Used Car
Buying a car in the U.S. involves choosing between new and used vehicles, comparing prices, and arranging for registration and insurance. The main options for purchasing a car include:
Buying from a dealership – Offers financing options and warranties but may have higher prices.
Buying from a private seller – Can be cheaper but requires careful research and a vehicle inspection.
Certified pre-owned vehicles – Used cars sold with a warranty through dealerships.
Other costs to consider include auto insurance, registration fees, and maintenance expenses. Car ownership is a long-term financial commitment, so it is important to spend some time researching options before making a purchase.
Alternative Transportation: Biking, Walking, and Rideshare Apps
For those who prefer not to drive, there are alternative transportation options that provide convenience and affordability, especially in urban areas.
Biking in U.S. Cities
Biking is a popular and eco-friendly way to travel in cities that have bike lanes and cycling infrastructure. Some major cities with bike-friendly roads include:
Portland, OR
Minneapolis, MN
San Francisco, CA
Washington, D.C.
Many cities also have bike-sharing programs, such as:
Citi Bike (New York, Miami)
Divvy (Chicago)
Capital Bikeshare (Washington, D.C.)
When biking, always follow traffic laws, wear a helmet, and use bike lights at night for safety.
Walking as a Transportation Option
Walking is a practical option for people living in dense urban areas where stores, schools, and offices are located within walking distance. Some of the most walkable cities in the U.S. include:
New York City
Boston
San Francisco
Philadelphia
However, in suburban and rural areas, walking or bicycle may not always be a convenient option due to long distances and limited sidewalks.
Using Rideshare Services Like Uber and Lyft
Rideshare apps like Uber and Lyft offer on-demand transportation for those who do not own a car. These services can be:
A great option for occasional trips or emergencies.
More affordable than owning a car in major cities.
Available 24/7 in most urban areas and some suburban regions.
Both Uber and Lyft allow users to choose from different ride types, including shared rides, economy options, and premium vehicles. Fares vary based on distance, time of day, and local demand.
For those who do not want to drive full-time, rideshare apps provide a flexible alternative for getting around without the costs of car ownership.
Money-Saving Tips for Transportation
Transportation costs can add up quickly, especially if you rely on rideshare services or own a car. However, there are many ways to save money on public transit, driving, and other forms of transportation.
Using Discounted Transit Passes
Many public transportation systems offer discounted fares for specific groups, including:
Students – Many universities and schools offer student transit passes at reduced rates.
Seniors and People with Disabilities – Most cities provide discounted fares for seniors and individuals with disabilities.
Low-Income Riders – Some transit agencies have programs that offer reduced or free transit passes for those who qualify.
To check if you qualify for discounted fares, visit your local transit authority’s website.
Avoiding High Parking Fees
Using Public Wi-Fi and Offline Maps
Navigation apps like Google Maps and Waze require data to function, but using too much mobile data can increase phone bills. To avoid extra charges:
Download maps for offline use when traveling to unfamiliar areas.
Use free Wi-Fi at train stations, bus stops, and public spaces.
Gas-Saving Apps to Reduce Fuel Costs
For immigrants who drive regularly, gas expenses can add up quickly. Fortunately, several gas-saving apps help you find the cheapest gas prices and offer cash-back rewards on fuel purchases.
Upside – Provides cash-back rewards when you buy gas at participating stations. Simply upload a receipt or check in through the app to earn money back.
GasBuddy – Helps users find the cheapest gas prices in their area and offers discounts at select gas stations.
By planning ahead and taking advantage of discounts and cost-saving strategies, you can make transportation in the U.S. more affordable.
Avoiding Common Transportation Mistakes
Many new immigrants face challenges when navigating U.S. transportation systems for the first time. Avoiding common mistakes can help prevent delays, fines, and unnecessary expenses.
Not Understanding Local Traffic Laws
Every state has different driving laws and regulations. Some common mistakes include:
Turning on red without checking signs – Some intersections do not allow right turns on red.
Speeding in school zones – Many areas have reduced speed limits near schools, especially during pickup and drop-off times.
Not yielding to pedestrians – In most states, drivers must stop for pedestrians at crosswalks, even if there is no traffic light.
Getting Lost Without a Navigation App
Many new immigrants struggle with finding their way in large cities. To avoid getting lost:
Always check your route before leaving.
Use a navigation app with real-time updates.
Keep a paper map as a backup in case of poor phone signal or battery issues.
Not Planning for Peak Travel Times
Rush hour in major U.S. cities can cause long delays. If using public transit:
Try to travel outside of peak hours to avoid overcrowding.
Check transit apps for real-time updates on delays.
Allow extra time for travel, especially during bad weather or major events.
Forgetting to Validate or Pay for Transit Tickets
Some cities use an honor system for public transit, where passengers are expected to buy and validate their tickets before boarding. If a ticket inspector finds you without a validated ticket, you could receive a fine or penalty.
To avoid problems, always check fare rules before using public transportation.
By learning how to navigate transportation systems properly, you can save time, reduce stress, and avoid unnecessary fines.
Transportation in the U.S. – Final Thoughts
Learning how to get around in the U.S. is an important step in settling into your new life. Whether you rely on public transportation, car rentals, rideshare services, or biking, understanding how each system works will help you travel efficiently and save money.
If you live in a major city, using buses, subways, and trains can be the most affordable and convenient option.
If you are in a suburban or rural area, owning a car may be necessary, but renting or carpooling can help reduce costs.
Rideshare apps, bike-sharing programs, and walking offer flexible alternatives to traditional transportation.
By planning ahead, using navigation tools, and exploring different transportation options in a new city, you can feel confident and independent as you adjust to life in the U.S.
For more essential steps on settling into life in the U.S., refer back to Welcome to the United States – A Guide for New Immigrants for information on finding housing, openin
