One of the first things you need when moving to the U.S. is a cell phone number. Having a U.S. phone number is essential for applying for jobs, opening bank accounts, receiving important calls, and staying connected with family and friends. However, navigating the U.S. phone service industry can be confusing for new immigrants.
In this guide, we will walk you through everything you need to know about how to buy a cell phone number, including:
Required documents and whether you need a Social Security Number (SSN) to sign up.
The difference between local phone numbers, toll-free numbers, and vanity numbers.
Choosing between prepaid and postpaid plans and understanding their pros and cons.
The major U.S. phone carriers and how they compare.
Affordable alternatives through MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) like Mint Mobile and Tello.
Understanding SIM vs. eSIM and how to activate a phone number online without visiting a store.
By the end of this guide, you will have a clear understanding of how to purchase a cell phone number in the U.S. and which provider best suits your needs.
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What Documents Are Required to Buy a Cell Phone Number?
Before purchasing a cell phone number, you will need to provide certain documents to verify your identity and activate your phone plan. The requirements vary depending on whether you choose a prepaid or postpaid plan.
Commonly Required Documents for Buying a Phone Number
Passport – Most phone carriers accept a foreign passport as proof of identity.
Visa or U.S. Entry Documents – Some carriers may ask for an I-94, visa, or Green Card.
U.S. Address – Required for postpaid plans to receive billing statements.
ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) – Some carriers accept an ITIN instead of an SSN.
Social Security Number (SSN) (If Available) – Used for credit checks on postpaid plans.
Do You Need a Social Security Number (SSN) to Get a Cell Phone?
Prepaid plans and MVNOs: No SSN is required. You can use your passport or other ID.
Postpaid plans: Most major carriers require an SSN for a credit check. Without it, you may have to pay a security deposit or choose a prepaid plan.
If you do not have an SSN, choosing a prepaid plan or an MVNO is the easiest way to get a U.S. phone number.
Understanding Different Types of Phone Numbers
When choosing a phone number, you may come across different types of numbers. Understanding these options will help you decide which is best for you.
Local Phone Numbers
The most common type of phone number in the U.S.
Includes a 3-digit area code (e.g., 212 for New York, 415 for San Francisco).
You can request a number with an area code that matches your location.
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Toll-Free Phone Numbers
Start with 800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844, or 833.
Typically used for businesses, but individuals can also get them.
Calls to toll-free numbers are free for the caller, but the owner pays.
Vanity Phone Numbers
Custom numbers that spell words using keypad letters (e.g., 1-800-FLOWERS).
Often used for businesses or branding purposes.
If you want an easy-to-remember number, some carriers allow you to search for vanity numbers.
Prepaid vs. Postpaid Plans: Key Differences
If you don’t have a credit history in the U.S., a prepaid plan is often the best option.
SIM Card vs. eSIM: Which One Should You Choose?
When signing up for a new phone number, you will need a SIM card or eSIM to activate your device.
What is a SIM Card?
A physical card is inserted into your phone to connect to a network.
Available in standard, micro, and nano sizes.
Requires visiting a store or waiting for shipping.
What is an eSIM?
A digital SIM is built into newer smartphones.
Can be activated instantly online—no store visit needed.
Works with iPhones, Google Pixel, and Samsung Galaxy flagship devices.
Becoming more common in mid-tier level cell phones
Advantages of eSIM
Get a phone number instantly without waiting for a SIM card.
No need to switch SIM cards when changing carriers.
What to Expect from Phone Service Plans
Most U.S. phone plans include a combination of:
Talk – Unlimited domestic calls are common.
Text – Unlimited texting is standard.
Data – Plans range from 1GB to unlimited.
International Calling – Some plans include free calls to Canada and Mexico.
Mobile Hotspot – Allows you to share your phone’s internet connection.
Compare plans carefully based on your data usage and international calling needs.
The 3 Major U.S. Phone Carriers and How They Work
The three major U.S. carriers—Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile—own and operate their own nationwide networks, offering the most extensive coverage, fastest data speeds, and premium plan options.
These carriers provide both prepaid and postpaid plans, with postpaid plans often requiring a credit check and long-term contract. They typically include perks like unlimited data, mobile hotspot access, and international roaming, but at higher prices than MVNOs.
The three major networks in the U.S. are:
Verizon Wireless – Best coverage, especially in rural areas
AT&T – Strong nationwide coverage, good for international travelers
T-Mobile – Best for urban areas and affordable international roaming
These carriers typically offer postpaid plans with long-term contracts.
Finding Deals with MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators)
MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) are smaller wireless providers that do not own their own network infrastructure. Instead, they lease network access from the major carriers at a lower cost, allowing them to offer cheaper prepaid plans while still providing the same nationwide coverage.
Since MVNOs operate without the overhead costs of maintaining cell towers and physical stores, they can pass these savings on to customers in the form of lower monthly rates, flexible plans, and no long-term contracts. Many MVNOs also specialize in budget-friendly international calling, eSIM activation, and customized data plans, making them an excellent choice for new immigrants who need an affordable way to stay connected.
Some of the most popular MVNOs include:
Mint Mobile – Runs on T-Mobile’s network, offers low-cost plans
Tello Mobile – Uses T-Mobile’s network, flexible low-cost build-your-own plans
Visible – Uses Verizon’s network, offers unlimited data plans
Cricket Wireless – AT&T’s prepaid option with solid coverage
Choosing the Best Phone Plan for Your Needs
Buying a U.S. phone number is an important step in settling into your new life. Whether you need a prepaid or a postpaid plan with a major carrier, there are plenty of options to suit different budgets and needs.
Before deciding, consider:
✔ Do you need unlimited data, or is a smaller plan enough?
✔ Will you make international calls often?
✔ Do you prefer instant eSIM activation or a physical SIM card?
By comparing major carriers and MVNOs, you can find a cost-effective phone plan that keeps you connected without overspending.
